国产亚洲第一伦理第一区

   生(sheng)產和(he)生(sheng)活最(zui)常見的(de)鉛(qian)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，可(ke)(ke)將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)通過化學反應儲藏起來(lai)，到另(ling)一(yi)個場合(he)或另(ling)一(yi)時段(duan)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)。鉛(qian)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)雖然(ran)(ran)造價較低，但也有相應的(de)弱點，諸如能(neng)(neng)量轉換效率較低、電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)反復充放(fang)電(dian)(dian)易老化導致使(shi)(shi)用(yong)壽命短、比(bi)(bi)能(neng)(neng)量（Wh/kg）和(he)比(bi)(bi)功率（W/kg）小使(shi)(shi)設(she)備笨(ben)重、充電(dian)(dian)時間長等；現在我們在手機(ji)上使(shi)(shi)用(yong)的(de)鋰離(li)子電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，雖然(ran)(ran)也有許多優點，但它價格昂貴且儲藏電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)有限(xian)，不能(neng)(neng)在大功率場合(he)下使(shi)(shi)用(yong)；所以正在開發研制的(de)超級電(dian)(dian)容電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，相比(bi)(bi)較而言，就有著(zhu)一(yi)般(ban)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)無可(ke)(ke)比(bi)(bi)擬的(de)優點，它的(de)前景不可(ke)(ke)限(xian)量。

    結構

    超級(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)的容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)比(bi)通(tong)常的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)大得多。由于其容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)很大，對(dui)外表現和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池相同(tong)，因此也稱作(zuo)“電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池”或說“黃金電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池”。超級(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池也屬于雙電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)層電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi),它是目前世界上已投入量(liang)(liang)產的雙電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)層電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)中(zhong)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)最(zui)大的一(yi)種,其基本原理和其它種類(lei)的雙電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)層電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)一(yi)樣,都是利用(yong)活(huo)性炭(tan)多孔電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)質組成的雙電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)層結(jie)構(gou)獲得超大的容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)。

    傳統物(wu)理電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)中儲存(cun)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能來源于電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷在兩塊(kuai)極(ji)(ji)板上的(de)分離,兩塊(kuai)極(ji)(ji)板之間為(wei)真(zhen)空(相對介(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)常數為(wei)1)或(huo)一層介(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(相對介(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)常數為(wei)ε)所隔離,電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)值為(wei):C = ε·A / 3.6 πd ·10-6 (μF) 其中A為(wei)極(ji)(ji)板面(mian)積,d為(wei)介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)厚(hou)度。所儲存(cun)的(de)能量(liang)為(wei): E = C (ΔV)2/2，其中C為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)值,ΔV為(wei)極(ji)(ji)板間的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)降.可見,若(ruo)想獲得較大的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)量(liang),儲存(cun)更多的(de)能量(liang),必須增大面(mian)積A或(huo)減少介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)厚(hou)度d，但這(zhe)個伸縮(suo)空間有限，導致它的(de)儲電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)和儲能量(liang)較小。

    工作(zuo)原理

    雙電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)層電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器中,采(cai)用活(huo)(huo)性(xing)炭(tan)材(cai)料制作成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)多(duo)孔(kong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),同(tong)時在(zai)(zai)相(xiang)(xiang)對的(de)碳(tan)多(duo)孔(kong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)間充(chong)填電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解質(zhi)溶(rong)液,當在(zai)(zai)兩(liang)端(duan)施加電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓時,相(xiang)(xiang)對的(de)多(duo)孔(kong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)上(shang)分別聚集(ji)正負電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi),而電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解質(zhi)溶(rong)液中的(de)正負離子(zi)將(jiang)由(you)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場作用分別聚集(ji)到與(yu)正負極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)板相(xiang)(xiang)對的(de)界(jie)面(mian)(mian)上(shang),從(cong)而形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)兩(liang)個集(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)層,相(xiang)(xiang)當于(yu)兩(liang)個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器串聯(lian),由(you)于(yu)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)碳(tan)材(cai)料具有≥1200m2/g的(de)超高比表面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(即獲(huo)得(de)了極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)大的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)A),而且電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液與(yu)多(duo)孔(kong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)間的(de)界(jie)面(mian)(mian)距(ju)離不(bu)到1nm(即獲(huo)得(de)了極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)小的(de)介質(zhi)厚度(du)d),根據前面(mian)(mian)的(de)計算公式可(ke)以(yi)看出,這(zhe)種雙電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)層電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器比傳統的(de)物理電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容的(de)容值要大很多(duo),比容量可(ke)以(yi)提(ti)高100倍以(yi)上(shang), 從(cong)而使單(dan)位(wei)重量的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容量可(ke)達100F/g，并且電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容的(de)內阻(zu)還(huan)能(neng)保(bao)持在(zai)(zai)很低(di)的(de)水平，碳(tan)材(cai)料還(huan)具有成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本低(di)，技(ji)術成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熟等優點。從(cong)而使利用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器進行大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量的(de)儲能(neng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為可(ke)能(neng)，且在(zai)(zai)實際使用時，可(ke)以(yi)通過串聯(lian)或者并聯(lian)以(yi)提(ti)高輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓或電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流。